00:00:00.480 --> 00:00:04.220 Thermal power plants help meet nearly 50% of world electricity demand 00:00:04.360 --> 00:00:06.760 They use water as a working fluid 00:00:07.660 --> 00:00:15.620 Today's thermal power plants have the ability to pass stringent environmental standards with efficient operation 00:00:15.780 --> 00:00:16.820 In this video 00:00:17.060 --> 00:00:21.980 We will see how coal-based thermal power plants can be implemented step by step in detail. 00:00:24.520 --> 00:00:28.880 By turning the shaft of this generator we will be able to generate electricity 00:00:30.200 --> 00:00:34.720 The generator gets kinetic energy from the steam turbine (the steam turbine is the heart of the power plant) 00:00:38.100 --> 00:00:45.180 In order to turn the steam turbine, high pressure and high temperature steam must be provided at the turbine inlet. 00:00:46.420 --> 00:00:52.220 When the turbine absorbs energy from the high-energy fluid, its pressure and temperature will drop to the outlet. 00:00:55.680 --> 00:00:59.320 A closer look at the uniquely shaped rotor blades on the steam turbine 00:01:05.080 --> 00:01:09.240 High-capacity power plants often use steam turbines in different states 00:01:12.240 --> 00:01:14.040 Like a high-pressure turbine 00:01:17.180 --> 00:01:19.020 Medium pressure turbine 00:01:21.360 --> 00:01:23.200 And low-pressure turbines 00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:30.560 So now we have reached our goal we have generated electricity from the generator 00:01:34.580 --> 00:01:41.520 If we can bring the low pressure and low temperature steam back to the original state, which is the high temperature and high pressure state 00:01:41.620 --> 00:01:43.320 We will be able to repeat this process 00:01:44.600 --> 00:01:46.880 The first step is to raise the pressure 00:01:47.920 --> 00:01:50.640 For this purpose a compressor can be used 00:01:50.780 --> 00:01:54.300 But compressing steam is a high-energy-intensive process 00:01:54.420 --> 00:01:57.560 This makes the power plant less efficient 00:01:59.360 --> 00:02:03.520 The simple way is to turn the steam into a liquid and increase the pressure 00:02:04.460 --> 00:02:08.140 For this purpose we will introduce condensing heat exchangers 00:02:08.140 --> 00:02:10.440 It sits under the low-pressure turbine 00:02:13.700 --> 00:02:17.620 A cold water flows through the pipeline in the condenser 00:02:21.880 --> 00:02:25.440 The steam dissipates heat into the water stream and becomes condensed 00:02:30.040 --> 00:02:33.840 Now we can use the pump to increase the pressure of the water 00:02:36.500 --> 00:02:40.300 Multistage centrifugal pumps are usually used for this purpose 00:02:40.920 --> 00:02:44.160 That pressure usually returns to its original state 00:02:45.220 --> 00:02:49.060 The next task is to bring the temperature back to the initial value 00:02:50.360 --> 00:02:54.840 For this purpose heat is applied at the pump outlet by a boiler 00:02:55.700 --> 00:03:00.980 High-capacity power plants often use a boiler called a "water tube boiler" 00:03:05.780 --> 00:03:09.100 Powdered coal burns in a boiler 00:03:13.760 --> 00:03:17.620 The incoming water will initially pass through an energy saving station 00:03:18.380 --> 00:03:21.440 Here water will get its energy from the gas 00:03:25.100 --> 00:03:27.200 Water flows through the sewer 00:03:29.500 --> 00:03:32.940 After flowing through the water wall it will turn into steam 00:03:36.180 --> 00:03:39.000 Pure steam is separated in the steam drum 00:03:40.620 --> 00:03:43.480 Now the working fluid has returned to its initial state 00:03:43.820 --> 00:03:45.740 High temperature and pressure 00:03:48.320 --> 00:03:51.140 This steam can be fed back into the steam turbine 00:03:56.060 --> 00:04:00.600 This cycle can be repeated for continuous energy production. 00:04:01.940 --> 00:04:08.040 But power plants operating mainly on the Rankine cycle will have extremely low efficiency and low capacity. 00:04:08.940 --> 00:04:13.800 We can considerably increase the performance of power plants with some simple techniques 00:04:16.060 --> 00:04:17.760 Take over heat treatment as an example 00:04:18.040 --> 00:04:20.340 Even if the liquid has been transformed into steam 00:04:20.540 --> 00:04:22.300 Added more heat 00:04:23.720 --> 00:04:26.600 Then the steam becomes superheated 00:04:27.440 --> 00:04:30.880 The higher the temperature of the steam, the more efficient it is. 00:04:31.800 --> 00:04:35.700 This cycle only remembers the maximum thermal efficiency in Carnot's theorem 00:04:38.280 --> 00:04:43.480 But the material of the steam turbine cannot withstand temperatures higher than 600 degrees Celsius 00:04:43.540 --> 00:04:46.340 Therefore overheating is limited to a threshold 00:04:48.820 --> 00:04:52.960 The temperature of the steam decreases as the blades flow 00:04:53.220 --> 00:04:56.960 There is a good way to increase the efficiency of power plants 00:04:57.160 --> 00:05:00.000 Is to add more heat in the first turbine stage 00:05:01.440 --> 00:05:03.440 This is the so-called reheating process 00:05:03.840 --> 00:05:06.160 It will increase the temperature of the steam again 00:05:06.320 --> 00:05:09.640 Derive a high power output and better efficiency 00:05:14.020 --> 00:05:15.460 On the low side 00:05:15.680 --> 00:05:20.740 Easily inhales the atmosphere even in complex ceiling configurations 00:05:21.560 --> 00:05:25.800 Dissolved gas in water supply will destroy boiler materials over time 00:05:27.020 --> 00:05:31.260 To remove these dissolved gases an open water heater will be introduced 00:05:33.120 --> 00:05:35.980 Hot steam from the turbine is mixed into the water supply 00:05:36.400 --> 00:05:39.840 The resulting steam will absorb the dissolved gas 00:05:42.060 --> 00:05:48.620 Mixing also preheats the water supply to a large extent which helps increase power plant efficiency 00:05:49.940 --> 00:05:55.540 All these technologies enable modern power plants to operate at 40-45% efficiency 00:05:57.060 --> 00:06:03.300 Then we will see how heating and cooling is performed in an actual power plant. 00:06:05.800 --> 00:06:09.760 Condenser provides cooling liquid with the help of a cooling tower 00:06:15.340 --> 00:06:20.340 Water heated from the condenser outlet is sprayed out of the cooling tower 00:06:20.380 --> 00:06:23.460 In turn, the convection of the natural air causes the sprayed water to lose heat. 00:06:24.480 --> 00:06:28.280 That's why the condenser inlet always provides cooled water 00:06:30.480 --> 00:06:34.120 Burning coal on the heating side produces many pollutants 00:06:35.640 --> 00:06:38.880 We cannot directly discharge these pollutants into the atmosphere 00:06:39.500 --> 00:06:45.060 The exhaust gases are therefore cleaned in an electrostatic precipitator before they are transferred to the stack 00:06:45.660 --> 00:06:51.100 The electrostatic precipitator uses high-voltage plates to absorb contaminated particles. 00:06:53.580 --> 00:06:58.260 Hope to give you a new perspective on the internal operation of thermal power plants 00:06:58.940 --> 00:07:00.980 Thank you for watching this video
Office location
Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12